OPTIMIZATION OF TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS THROUGH THE COMBINATION OF LABORATORY AND INSTRUMENTAL METHODS

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a major medical and social problem due to its high incidence and mortality. According to WHO, around 11.2 million new cases and 1.21 million deaths were reported globally in 2024. This review summarizes laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, highlighting their sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. Integration of these approaches enhances the accuracy of detecting active and latent tuberculosis, supports optimal treatment decisions, and improves patient monitoring. Modern diagnostic strategies play a crucial role in controlling disease spread and reducing its global impact.