PYROLYSIS OIL SULFONATION AND THE EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE ADDITION IN THE PRESENCE OF PHENYLENE DIAMINE

Abstract

The contamination of industrial and municipal wastewater with heavy metals and toxic organic compounds is a growing global environmental concern. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fail to remove these pollutants effectively, posing serious risks to human health and ecosystems. Pyrolysis oil, a by-product of biomass and organic waste thermal decomposition, can be chemically modified through sulfonation to produce ion-exchange resins with high adsorption capacity. The incorporation of formaldehyde in the presence of phenylene diamine during sulfonation enhances cross-linking, thermal stability, and mechanical strength of the resulting materials. Developing such modified resins offers a promising and cost-effective approach for efficient heavy metal and toxin removal from contaminated water, contributing to sustainable water management and environmental protection.