CRYPTORCHIDISM IN CHILDREN - DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES
Keywords:
cryptorchidism, orchiopexy, testicular maldescent, germ cell aplasia, scrotal ultrasonography, diagnostic laparoscopy, human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test, hormonal therapy, fertility preservation, testicular germ cell malignancy.Abstract
This thesis evaluates diagnostic methods, treatment approaches, and long-term outcomes of cryptorchidism in pediatric patients. Evidence-based analysis confirms that orchiopexy performed before 18 months of age significantly reduces infertility and malignant transformation risk, establishing early surgical intervention as the evidence-based standard of care.
References
Downloads
Published
2026-02-10
Issue
Section
Articles