DEVELOPMENT OF A DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM BASED ON TYPOLOGICAL X-RAY ANATOMICAL PARAMETERS FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF GASTRIC PATHOLOGIES

Abstract

Early diagnosis of gastric diseases remains an important problem in modern gastroenterology and radiology. Variability in the shape, position, size, and functional characteristics of the stomach significantly complicates the differentiation between normal anatomical variants and early pathological changes. Typological X-ray anatomical parameters may provide an additional objective basis for improving the accuracy of radiological diagnosis. The present article discusses the principles of developing a diagnostic algorithm based on typological radiographic characteristics of the stomach. Particular attention is paid to the anatomical configuration, longitudinal axis, position of the cardia, body, antrum and pyloric canal, gastric dimensions, wall distensibility, mucosal relief, and gastric emptying. Age, sex, and constitutional characteristics should be considered when establishing reference values. The proposed algorithm consists of sequential stages including patient preparation, contrast radiographic examination, determination of gastric typological characteristics, quantitative assessment of anatomical parameters, evaluation of motor-evacuation function, identification of deviations from age-specific reference values, and integration of the radiographic findings with clinical and endoscopic data. The application of such an algorithm may improve the early detection of inflammatory, ulcerative, obstructive, and neoplastic gastric diseases and reduce the risk of both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis.