TYPES AND TYPOLOGY OF LACUNAE IN UZBEK, ENGLISH, AND KOREAN LANGUAGES AND THEIR ADEQUATE COMPENSATION IN TRANSLATION

Abstract

This article investigates the types and typology of lacunae in Uzbek, English, and Korean languages and examines strategies for their adequate compensation in translation. The study focuses on lexical, semantic, grammatical, and cultural lacunae that arise due to differences in linguistic structure, conceptual systems, and sociocultural contexts. Using a comparative and translation-oriented approach, the research analyzes how lacunae reflect ethnocultural specificity and how translators address these gaps through various compensation techniques, including borrowing, calque, explicitation, adaptation, and descriptive translation. The findings demonstrate that effective compensation of lacunae requires not only linguistic competence but also deep cultural awareness and cognitive flexibility. The results contribute to translation studies, contrastive linguistics, and intercultural communication by offering a systematic typology of lacunae and practical recommendations for their translation.