FUNDAMENTAL OF DENTAL IMPLANTS OSSEOINTEGRATION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

The extensive use of dental implants in oral rehabilitation has increased scientific interest in how implants integrate with bone tissue. This study aims to review and organize both domestic and international research on the osseointegration of titanium implants.

Recent literature shows that advances in research methods and interdisciplinary approaches have significantly altered traditional understanding of this process. Current data summarize the physiological mechanisms and cellular interactions occurring at the implant-bone interface during different stages of integration. The findings suggest the need to reconsider the long-held view of titanium as bioinert and to evaluate osseointegration from an immunological perspective.

Effective bone regeneration in maxillofacial diseases, traumatic injuries, and implant procedures depends on a balanced interaction of neural, endocrine, and immune mechanisms that regulate osteogenesis. This process involves several biologically active mediators, including beta-endorphin, serotonin, and others.

Currently, dental implantation is widely used for orthopedic rehabilitation in patients with various dental defects. International experience demonstrates that implant-based prosthetics can be applied in a wide range of clinical scenarios — for both fixed prostheses and to enhance the stability of removable ones — providing predictable and stable treatment outcomes [1,8].