MODERN CONCEPTS OF DENTAL IMPLANTS OSSEOINTEGRATION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

The rapid development of dental implantation technologies and their extensive use in restorative dentistry have stimulated growing interest in the mechanisms governing the integration of implants with bone tissue. This review was conducted to evaluate and organize available domestic and international data concerning the osseointegration of titanium dental implants.

A review of contemporary literature indicates that modern investigative methods and interdisciplinary scientific approaches have substantially revised traditional views on implant integration. Particular attention has been given to the biological mechanisms and cellular interactions occurring at the implant–bone interface during various stages of healing. Current evidence suggests that titanium structures cannot be regarded as completely biologically inert, and that the process of osseointegration should also be examined from an immunological standpoint.

Efficient regeneration of bone tissue in maxillofacial diseases, traumatic conditions, and dental implantation procedures requires a balanced interaction between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems that regulate osteogenesis. These processes are influenced by multiple biologically active mediators, including serotonin, beta-endorphin, and other regulatory molecules.

Today, implant-supported rehabilitation is widely used in modern orthopedic dentistry for the treatment of patients with partial or total tooth loss. Worldwide clinical experience confirms the effectiveness of dental implants in a variety of clinical situations, including both fixed prosthetic restorations and stabilization of removable dentures, providing long-term functional stability and predictable treatment success [1,8].