O‘LCHASH NATIJALARINING XATOLIKLARI: TIZIMLI VA TASODIFIY XATOLIKLARNI HISOBLASH

Abstract

This article examines the theory of errors, one of the fundamental problems of modern metrology, which determines the accuracy of measurement results and their level of reliability. The precision of any technological process relies on the uniformity and accuracy of measurements, but the absence of measurements with absolute accuracy in nature necessitates mathematical and methodological analysis of the results. The article highlights the sources of systematic errors and methods for their elimination through corrections, as well as algorithms for minimizing random errors using mathematical statistics and probability theory. The study analyzes the issues of ensuring the metrological traceability of measurement results to international standards. In particular, the practical importance of uncertainty assessment for measurement results is highlighted within the framework of new technical regulatory reforms set to take effect in 2026.

Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy metrologiyaning fundamental muammolaridan biri — o‘lchash natijalarining aniqligi va ularning ishonchlilik darajasini belgilovchi xatoliklar nazariyasi tadqiq etiladi. Har qanday texnologik jarayonning mukammalligi o‘lchashlar birligi va to‘g‘riligiga tayanadi, biroq tabiatda mutloq aniqlikdagi o‘lchash mavjud emasligi natijalarni matematik va uslubiy tahlil qilishni taqozo etadi. Maqolada tizimli xatoliklarning paydo bo‘lish manbalari hamda ularni tuzatishlar kiritish orqali bartaraf etish usullari, shuningdek, tasodifiy xatoliklarni matematik statistika va ehtimollar nazariyasi yordamida minimallashtirish algoritmlari yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda o‘lchash natijalarining xalqaro etalonlargacha metrologik kuzatuvchanligini ta’minlash masalalari tahlil qilingan. Xususan, 2026-yildan kuchga kiradigan yangi texnik tartibga solish islohotlari doirasida o‘lchash natijalarining noaniqligini baholashning amaliy ahamiyati ochib berilgan.