SEMANTIC CORRESPONDENCES AND CROSS-LINGUISTIC VARIATION OF INTERNATIONAL TERMS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF KAZAKH, UZBEK, AND RUSSIAN

Abstract

This study examines semantic correspondences and cross-linguistic variation in the terminology of international relations through a comparative analysis of Kazakh, Uzbek, and Russian. The research aims to identify the degree of semantic equivalence, structural variation, and conceptual asymmetry among international terms used in diplomatic, legal, and political discourse. A comparative semantic approach, terminology analysis, content analysis, and descriptive methods were employed to examine multilingual terminology across the three languages. The findings indicate that complete semantic equivalence is relatively limited, whereas partial equivalence and lexical lacunae constitute the dominant patterns of cross-linguistic correspondence. The study further demonstrates that historical development, national linguistic policies, and discourse-specific usage significantly influence the formation and adaptation of international terminology.