INTEGRATED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASOUND APPROACHES FOR EARLY DETECTION OF ENDOMETRIAL DISORDERS IN REPRODUCTIVE-AGED WOMEN

Abstract

Endometrial disorders remain among the most common gynecological conditions affecting reproductive and perimenopausal women, often leading to infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, and reduced quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of integrated clinical, ultrasonographic, morphological, and immunohistochemical approaches in the early identification of endometrial abnormalities. A total of 237 women aged 21–48 years were examined using retrospective and prospective observational methods. Clinical manifestations, hormonal profiles, transvaginal ultrasonography findings, histological characteristics, and immunohistochemical markers including CD138, ER, PR, and Ki67 were assessed. The results demonstrated that the combined use of ultrasound and immunohistochemical markers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. CD138 showed high sensitivity in detecting chronic inflammatory changes of the endometrium, while ER/PR and Ki67 expression levels were associated with proliferative abnormalities. The proposed integrated diagnostic model reduced the risk of misdiagnosis and contributed to more individualized treatment planning. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive diagnostic strategies for improving reproductive outcomes and preventing progression of endometrial pathology.