THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Abstract

Body mass index is one of the most accessible anthropometric indicators used for the approximate assessment of nutritional status and the identification of individuals with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Despite its simplicity of calculation and widespread use in clinical and preventive practice, body mass index does not reflect the exact body composition, the ratio of muscle and fat mass, or the distribution of adipose tissue. At the same time, an increase in body mass index, especially with abdominal obesity, has a significant impact on the functional state of the respiratory system. Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the chest and abdominal cavity reduces chest wall compliance, restricts diaphragmatic excursion, decreases lung volumes, and increases the work of respiratory muscles. These changes contribute to the formation of a more rapid and shallow breathing pattern, a reduction in respiratory reserve, impaired exercise tolerance, and the onset of dyspnea. The aim of this review is to analyze literature data on the relationship between body mass index and functional indicators of the respiratory system.