GLOBAL RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC INNOVATIONS
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ДИЗАЙН ПРОСПЕКТИВНОГО ВАЛИДАЦИОННОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СМАРТФОН-СКРИНИНГА НЕОНАТАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРБИЛИРУБИНЕМИИ ДЛЯ БЮДЖЕТНЫХ МОБИЛЬНЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ В ПЕРВИЧНОМ ЗВЕНЕ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ УЗБЕКИСТАНА
В последние годы появляются все больше работ о разработках смартфон-скрининговых приложений для диагностики неонатальной гипербилирубинемии. Проанализировав данные работ опубликованные за период 2022–2026 гг. прослеживается постоянная закономерность: диагностическая точность одного и того же алгоритма существенно различается при применении на новую популяцию — от r=0,84–0,94 в исходных исследованиях до r=0,68–0,76 при независимой валидации в других странах [1–5, 7]. Однако не было работ включающие систематическое сравнение бюджетных и премиальных Android-устройств. Стоит отметить, что бюджетные смартфоны (Xiaomi, Tecno, Samsung A-серии) фактически доминируют в первичном звене здравоохранения Узбекистана. Это показывает актуальность проведения отдельного исследования с учетом всех этих условий.
СМАРТФОН-СКРИНИНГ НЕОНАТАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРБИЛИРУБИНЕМИИ: КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ МИРОВОГО ОПЫТА 2022–2026 ГГ. И НЕЗАКРЫТЫЕ ПРОБЕЛЫ ДЛЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ
По данным анализа глобального бремени болезней (Global Burden of Disease 2019), в 2019 году отмечалась высокая смертность от ядерной желтухи в странах с невысоким уровнем дохода [1]. Более 80% всех смертей, связанных с высоким уровнем билирубина, приходилось именно на страны с низким и средним уровнем дохода [1]. Основной причиной значительного различия является не сама патология, а системная проблема её диагностики. Причиной этого является отсутствие доступа к транскутанным билирубинометрам и круглосуточным лабораториям [2, 10]. Решением этой проблемы может стать разработка неинвазивных недорогих методов скрининга, таких как анализ фотографий кожи с помощью алгоритмов машинного обучения [2, 11–13]. Именно это является предметом активных международных исследований последних пяти лет.
NUMERICAL DATA AND QUANTIFICATION AS CREDIBILITY-BUILDING DEVICES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK ONLINE NEWS
This thesis examines numerical data and quantification as linguistic-pragmatic resources for constructing credibility in English and Uzbek online news discourse. Numbers are frequently perceived as objective, measurable and verifiable; therefore, percentages, dates, monetary values, frequencies and statistical comparisons can increase the evidential force of a news statement. At the same time, numerical precision does not automatically guarantee reliability: credibility also depends on source transparency, contextualization and the linguistic framing of figures. The study compares recurrent quantitative patterns in English and Uzbek digital journalism and identifies both shared and language-specific tendencies in the presentation of numerical evidence.
credibility, media discourse, numerical data, quantification, online news, English, Uzbek, evidentiality, precision, statistics.
XORAZM HUDUDIDA MASTOPATIYALARNING KLINIK-MORFOLOGIK VARIANTLARI VA ULARNING TIREOID DISFUNKSIYA BILAN ASSOTSIATSIYASI
Mazkur tezisda Xorazm hududida ayollar orasida uchraydigan mastopatiyalarning asosiy klinik-morfologik variantlari hamda ularning qalqonsimon bez funksional holati bilan ehtimoliy patogenetik bog‘liqligi tahlil qilindi. Sut bezidagi fibroz-kistoz o‘zgarishlar, bez komponentining proliferatsiyasi, stromal fibroz, kistoz transformatsiya va epitelial giperplaziya kabi morfologik belgilar tireoid gormonlar disbalansi nuqtayi nazaridan baholandi.
mastopatiya, sut bezi, qalqonsimon bez, gipotireoz, tireoid disfunksiya.
QALQONSIMON BEZ FUNKSIONAL HOLATI VA SUT BEZIDAGI PROLIFERATIV JARAYONLAR O‘RTASIDAGI MORFOLOGIK BOG‘LIQLIK
Qalqonsimon bez va sut bezi ayol organizmidagi gormonal boshqaruv tizimiga yuqori darajada sezgir organlar hisoblanadi. Qalqonsimon bez gormonlari miqdorining o‘zgarishi nafaqat umumiy metabolizmga, balki sut bezining epitelial va stromal komponentlari proliferativ faolligiga ham ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Tezisda qalqonsimon bez funksional holati, xususan, gipotireoz va tireoid gormonlar almashinuvining buzilishi sharoitida sut bezida kuzatiladigan fibroz-kistoz, epitelial-proliferativ va stromal o‘zgarishlarning morfologik asoslari tahlil qilindi.
qalqonsimon bez, gipotireoz, tireoid gormonlar, sut bezi, proliferatsiya, fibroz-kistoz o‘zgarishlar.
IQLIM O'ZGARISHI SHAROITIDA YER OSTI SUVLARINING MINERALIZATSIYA DARAJASI
Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy iqlim o‘zgarishi sharoitida yer osti suvlarining gidrokimyoviy holati va mineralizatsiya darajasining o‘zgarish tendensiyalari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotning maqsadi Farg‘ona viloyati O‘zbekiston tumanidagi yer osti suvlari sifatining asosiy ko‘rsatkichlarini baholash va iqlimiy omillar (o‘rtacha yillik haroratning ko‘tarilishi va yog‘ingarchilik miqdorining kamayishi) ta’sirini aniqlashdan iborat. Ish jarayonida tuman bo‘yicha gidrogeologik monitoring ma’lumotlari va statistik tahlil usullaridan foydalanildi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, so‘nggi yillar davomida mintaqada yer osti suvlarining minerallashuvi o‘rtacha darajada o‘zgarishga uchrab, bu jarayon nafaqat tabiiy iqlimiy omillar, balki intensiv qishloq xo‘jaligi faoliyati bilan ham uzviy bog‘liqdir. Maqolada mineralizatsiya jarayonini yumshatish hamda yer osti suvlarini muhofaza qilish, shuningdek, suv tejovchi texnologiyalarni joriy etish bo‘yicha samarali yechimlar va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.
iqlim o‘zgarishi, yer osti suvlari, mineralizatsiya, gidroekologiya, geoekologiya, O‘zbekiston tumani, gidrokimyoviy monitoring.
THE IMPACT OF TOURISM DIGITALIZATION ON THE SERVICES MARKET AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
This article analyzes the impact of the digitalization of the tourism sector on the services market and regional economic development. The introduction of digital technologies into the processes of providing, promoting and selling tourist services is considered an important factor in increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of the services market. It also highlights the possibilities of increasing convenience for tourists through the use of online booking systems, mobile applications, digital platforms and modern marketing tools. The impact of the digitalization of tourism on regional economic development is assessed in terms of creating new jobs, developing local entrepreneurship, attracting investments and increasing the attractiveness of tourist areas. The results of the study show that the digital transformation of tourism is an important factor in developing the services market and increasing economic activity in the regions of Uzbekistan.
Tourism digitization, digital economy, service market, regional economic development, e-tourism, digital platforms, online booking, smart tourism, digital marketing, innovative technologies.
LAKTATSIYA DAVRIDA AYOLLAR SALOMATLIGINI KOMPLEKS TIKLASHDA FITNES TEXNOLOGIYALARINI QO‘LLASHNING ILMIY-METODIK MODELI
Mazkur tezisda laktatsiya davridagi ayollar salomatligini kompleks tiklashda fitnes texnologiyalarini qo‘llashning ilmiy-metodik modeli yoritilgan. Tug‘ruqdan keyingi davrda ayollar organizmida yuz beradigan fiziologik, funksional va psixoemotsional o‘zgarishlar tahlil qilinib, ularni tiklashda individual fitnes dasturlari, ratsional ovqatlanish, psixologik qo‘llab-quvvatlash hamda sog‘lom turmush tarzi omillarini integratsiyalashgan holda qo‘llashning ahamiyati asoslangan. Tadqiqot natijasida diagnostika, individual jismoniy mashg‘ulotlar, sog‘lomlashtirish, monitoring va natijalarni baholashni o‘z ichiga olgan ilmiy-metodik model taklif etildi. Mazkur model ayollar salomatligini tiklash, laktatsiyani saqlash va hayot sifatini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.
laktatsiya davri, ayollar salomatligi, fitnes texnologiyalari, kompleks tiklanish, reabilitatsiya, jismoniy faollik, sog‘lom turmush tarzi, ilmiy-metodik model, monitoring, emizish.
CLINICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INTENSIVE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN AN INTENSIVE CARE SETTING
To clinically and statistically evaluate the effect of thrombolytic therapy on hemodynamic parameters in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) in the intensive care unit (ICU).
CLINICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN AN INTENSIVE CARE SETTING
To clinically and statistically evaluate the effect of lung-protective mechanical ventilation (MV) modes on hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the intensive care unit (ICU).
CLINICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BLOOD COAGULATION PARAMETERS AND THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN AN OUTPATIENT SETTING
To clinically and statistically evaluate the effect of anticoagulant therapy on blood coagulation parameters and the risk of thrombotic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
TASKS OF POPULARIZING NATIONAL HANDICRAFTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF NEW UZBEKISTAN
The article analyses the social-philosophical tasks of popularizing national craftsmanship within the context of the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan. The scholarly problem lies in the fact that popularization is frequently understood as an economic or promotional phenomenon, whereas its deeper connection with social consciousness, national identity and the system of values remains insufficiently studied. The aim of the study is to interpret craftsmanship as a phenomenon of national identity, cultural continuity and spiritual heritage, and to define the philosophical tasks of its popularization. The methodology rests on dialectical, systemic-structural, axiological, hermeneutic and comparative-historical approaches. The analysis distinguishes between the declarative and the substantive forms of popularization, and presents the tension between tradition and modernization as an internal source of development. The principal conclusion is that authentic popularization requires the reproduction not merely of the artefact, but of the worldview and values transmitted through the master-apprentice relationship.
social philosophy, national craftsmanship, national identity, spiritual heritage, values, tradition, modernization, social consciousness, cultural continuity.
REFLECTIVE TEACHING PRACTICES AMONG PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS
Reflective teaching is considered one of the most important components of teacher education, especially for pre-service English teachers. This article examines the significance of reflective teaching practices in developing professional competence, critical thinking, and pedagogical skills among future English language teachers. Reflection enables teachers to evaluate their classroom experiences, identify strengths and weaknesses, and improve their teaching strategies. Through reflective journals, peer observations, self-assessment, and feedback sessions, pre-service teachers gain a deeper understanding of their instructional methods and students' learning needs. The study also highlights the role of reflective practice in promoting lifelong learning and professional growth. By engaging in continuous reflection, future English teachers become more aware of their teaching decisions and develop the ability to adapt to various educational contexts. Reflective teaching practices ultimately contribute to the effectiveness of English language instruction and the overall quality of education.
Reflective teaching, pre-service teachers, English language teaching, professional development, critical thinking, self-assessment.
MILLIY IQTISODIYOTNI SANOATLASHTIRISHDA XORIJIY INVESTITSIYALARNI JALB ETISH MEXANIZMINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Ushbu tezisda milliy iqtisodiyotni sanoatlashtirish jarayonida xorijiy investitsiyalarning ahamiyati, ularni jalb etishning mavjud mexanizmlari va ularni takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, investitsiya muhitini yaxshilash, institutsional islohotlarni chuqurlashtirish hamda yuqori texnologiyali sanoat tarmoqlariga to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri xorijiy investitsiyalarni jalb qilishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari bo‘yicha ilmiy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
sanoatlashtirish, milliy iqtisodiyot, xorijiy investitsiyalar, investitsiya siyosati, investitsiya muhiti, texnologik modernizatsiya, iqtisodiy o‘sish.
THE STATE’S POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS IN THE CONDUCT OF OPERATIONAL-SEARCH ACTIVITIES
The thesis analyses the State’s positive and negative human-rights obligations in operational-search activities. Positive obligations require reasonable preventive measures, effective investigation, protection of victims and functioning remedies. Negative obligations require the State to refrain from arbitrary interference with privacy, correspondence, the home and personal data. It is argued that operational effectiveness and human-rights protection should be reconciled through legality, necessity, subsidiarity, proportionality, independent judicial oversight, data minimisation and subsequent review. The author proposes expressly incorporating this dual obligation into the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and establishing a human-rights justification for intrusive operational-search measures.
positive obligations, negative obligations, operational-search activities, human rights, privacy, effective investigation, proportionality, judicial oversight, effective remedy.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF SMALL BUSINESS ENTITIES
This paper examines the theoretical and practical aspects of improving the efficiency of small business entities. It analyzes the major challenges hindering the development of small businesses, identifies effective solutions, and evaluates the impact of innovative technologies on economic performance. The study highlights the importance of digital transformation, innovation, efficient financial management, and modern marketing strategies in strengthening the competitiveness of small enterprises. Based on the findings, several practical recommendations are proposed to enhance sustainable business development and increase the contribution of small businesses to national economic growth.
small business, entrepreneurship, efficiency, innovation, digitalization, marketing, investment, economic development.
COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES OF MINIMAL FIXATION AND NON-FIXATION TECHNIQUES IN LAPAROSCOPIC TAPP HERNIOPLASTY
The need for mesh fixation in laparoscopic TAPP hernioplasty remains an open question. Laparoscopic TAPP was performed in a single centre on 80 military servicemen: the main group (n=40) received the mesh with minimal single-point fixation (to the periosteum at the pubic bone–inguinal (Poupart’s) ligament junction) together with extended preoperative preparation; the control group (n=40) received the mesh without fixation and standard preparation. The groups differed in two respects — fixation and preparation — and therefore the study cannot evaluate fixation in isolation. Results: for every complication the trend favoured minimal fixation, but none reached statistical significance on Fisher’s exact test: seroma 5.0% vs 15.0% (p=0.263), scrotal haematoma 0% vs 10.0% (p=0.116), prolonged exudation 2.5% vs 10.0% (p=0.359), recurrence 0% vs 7.5% (p=0.241). Loss to follow-up was substantial and unequal (6/40 vs 11/40); using observed denominators, recurrence was 0/34 vs 3/29 (p=0.092). Operative time (31.0±2.79 vs 37.9±3.45 min) and hospital stay (2.3±0.6 vs 3.1±1.2 days) were shorter (p<0.05). No deaths occurred in either group. Conclusion: in this small, non-randomised and confounded study, minimal fixation was associated with consistently lower complication rates, yet no difference was statistically reliable; the findings are hypothesis-generating only and do not demonstrate the superiority of fixation.
inguinal hernia; laparoscopic hernioplasty; TAPP; minimal fixation; non-fixated mesh; recurrence; military servicemen; underpowered study.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF THE COURSE OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES IN CHILDREN
Peripheral neuropathies in children remain one of the urgent problems of pediatric neurology due to a variety of etiological factors, clinical features, and the risk of developing persistent neurological deficits. One of the key links in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies is a violation of the interaction of innate and adaptive immunity. A comprehensive assessment of the content of neuroinflammatory proteins (S100A), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17A), interferons (IFN-α, IFN-γ), as well as autoantibodies to NF200 and the main protein of myelin allows us to more fully characterize the features of the immune response and identify potential biomarkers of the activity of the pathological process.
Peripheral neuropathies, IFN-α, IFN-γ, immunity, cytokines, children, age
РАДИКАЛИЗАЦИЯ МОЛОДЁЖИ КАК НЕЛИНЕЙНЫЙ ФАЗОВЫЙ ПЕРЕХОД СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
В статье радикализация молодёжи рассматривается как нелинейный процесс трансформации социальной системы в рамках постнеклассической научной рациональности и синергетической методологии. Обосновано, что радикализация не сводится к отдельным социальным, психологическим или политическим факторам, а является результатом взаимодействия элементов сложной открытой системы. Раскрывается фазовый характер данного процесса, связанный с накоплением социальных флуктуаций, изменением параметров порядка и формированием новых аттракторов коллективной идентичности. Выделены основные стадии радикализации: латентная нестабильность, усиление флуктуаций и трансформация социальных аттракторов. Сделан вывод о необходимости перехода от реактивного противодействия радикализму к превентивному управлению параметрами социальной среды, направленному на формирование устойчивых конструктивных моделей молодёжного развития.
радикализация, молодёжь, нелинейная система, синергетика, фазовый переход, бифуркация, аттрактор, флуктуации, самоорганизация, цифровая среда.
XORAZMDA TA’LIM SOHASIDAGI JARAYONLAR VA PEDAGOGLARNING JAMIYATDA TUTGAN O‘RNI (XIX ASR OXIRI – XX ASRNING BIRINCHI CHORAGI)
This article examines the structural and substantive transformations that occurred in the educational system of the Khorezm Oasis (the Khanate of Khiva) during the late nineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth century. It analyzes the transition from traditional schools and madrasas to New Method (Jadid) schools, as well as the regional characteristics of the Jadid movement. Drawing upon primary sources and contemporary historiographical approaches, the study investigates the educational reforms initiated by Prime Minister Islam Khoja, which contributed significantly to the socio-economic and cultural modernization of the region, together with the activities of prominent educator-reformers such as Muhammadsharif Sufizoda and Polvonniyoz Haji Yusupov. The article argues that the educators of the National Awakening period functioned not only as organizers of the educational process but also as intellectual, socio-political, and spiritual leaders who promoted the transformation of public consciousness through the development of textbooks, the press, and theatrical art. Their historical contribution is substantiated from a scientific and theoretical perspective.
Khanate of Khiva, Jadidism, New Method schools, Islam Khoja's reforms, educational enlightenment, traditional education, pedagogy of national awakening.
O‘ZBEKISTONDA ICHKI MIGRATSIYA: SABABLAR VA ASOSIY OMILLAR
Ichki migratsiya — aholining mamlakat ichida bir hududdan ikkinchi hududga, ayniqsa qishloq joylardan shahar markazlariga ko‘chib o‘tish jarayoni — O‘zbekiston ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy taraqqiyotining muhim tarkibiy qismidir. So‘nggi yillarda mamlakatda ichki migratsiya jarayonlari sezilarli darajada faollashdi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti huzuridagi Statistika agentligi (O‘zStat) ma‘lumotlariga ko‘ra, 2022-yilda mamlakat hududida ro‘yxatga olingan ichki migratsiya soni 214 821 nafarni tashkil etgan bo'lib, bu 2018-yilga nisbatan 34,1 foizga ko‘pdir [1]. Ushbu ko‘rsatkichning oshib borishi ichki migratsiya sabablari va asosiy omillarini ilmiy jihatdan chuqur tahlil qilish zaruriyatini keltirib chiqaradi.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT METHODS IN ORGANIZATIONS
This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of implementing innovative management methods in modern organizations. The role and importance of innovative management in increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the context of globalization and digitalization are highlighted.
innovation management, innovation management, digitalization, Agile methodology, competitiveness.
ENERGO OBYEKT DISPETCHERLAR MEHNAT JARAYONINING VIDEOXRONOMETRAJ NATIJALARI TAHLILI
Mazkur maqolada energodispetcherlarning mehnat jarayonining videoxronometraji oʻtkazilib, ularning smenaviy ish jarayonida funksional vazifalarni bajarish ketma-ketligiga sarflanadigan vaqt sarfi foizlada aniqlangan. Shuningdek, energodispetcherlarni smena davomida axborotni qabul qilish, qayta ishlash, saqlash, uzatish va boshqa vazifalar bilan bogʻliq bo‘lgan masalalar va undan tashqari ishlab chiqarishdagi zararli omillarni birgalikdagi ta’siri bilan bog‘liq mehnat jarayonini zo‘riqish holatlari baholangan.
videoxronometraj, energodispetcherlar, gidroelektrostansiyalar, gidroturbina, mehnat jarayonining og‘irligi va zoʻriqishi.
ОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩИХ В ХОДЕ ТРУДОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
В данной статье представлен краткий анализ теоретических и практических аспектов оценки рисков, возникающих в процессе производственной деятельности, и обосновано, что понятие риска выражается вероятностью возникновения опасного события и степенью его ущерба здоровью человека. Важным этапом в оценке профессиональных рисков является определение вероятности заболевания и травматизма, которое основывается на комплексной оценке частоты воздействия производственных факторов и тяжести последствий. Также отмечается, что процесс оценки является важным инструментом управления, направленным на улучшение условий труда и обеспечение безопасности на производстве. В статье освещаются организационно-методические этапы оценки рисков и характер их предотвращения, а также обосновывается, что данный процесс занимает важное место в системе охраны труда.
трудовая деятельность, риск, событие, оценка, идентификация рисков, этап, анализ, уровень риска.
INGLIZ TILINI O‘QITISH JARAYONIDA ChatGPTni JORIY ETISHNING AFZALLIKLARI VA KAMCHILIKLARI
Ushbu maqolada sun’iy intellektning til o‘qitish jarayoniga integratsiya qilinishi, ta’lim sohasida yangi imkoniyatlari, ChatGPT'ning ingliz tilini o‘qitishdagi samaradorligi, afzalliklari va kamchiliklari tahlil qilinadi. ChatGPT shaxsiylashtirilgan fikr-mulohaza berish, o‘quvchilarning mustaqilligini oshirish, motivatsiya va faol ishtirokni kuchaytirish, shuningdek, til ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishga yordam beradi. Uning hayotdagi muloqotni taqlid qilish qobiliyati tilda ravonlik va matnni tushunish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishda samarali vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Shuningdek, sun’iy intellektni mavjud ta’lim tizimiga samarali integratsiya qilish va o‘qituvchilarni maxsus tayyorlash zarurati muhim masala sifatida qayd etiladi.
sun’iy intellekt, ChatGPT, ingliz tilini o‘qitish, shaxsiylashtirilgan ta’lim, til ko‘nikmalari
ETHICAL AND SPIRITUAL VALUES IN THE TEACHINGS OF ABU HAFS KABIR
This article examines the system of ethical and spiritual values ​​found in the teachings of the great 9th-century jurist Abu Hafs Kabir Bukhari (767–832), employing source-based and comparative analysis. The findings from the content analysis of the sources are summarized using tables and charts; the scholar's views are interpreted in comparison with the teachings of Imam Bukhari, Hakim Tirmidhi, and Abu Mansur Maturidi; and the significance of these values ​​in contemporary education and upbringing is substantiated.
Abu Hafs Kabir, ethical values, spiritual values, Hanafi school of thought, jurisprudence (fiqh),
PIYOZ (ALLIUM CEPA L.) EKINIDA URUG‘CHILIK TEXNOLOGIYASINING ILMIY ASOSLARI
Piyoz (Allium cepa L.) dunyoda keng tarqalgan va iqtisodiy jihatdan muhim sabzavot ekinlaridan biri bo‘lib, sifatli urug‘ yetishtirish yuqori hosilli navlarni yaratish va barqaror mahsulot olishning asosiy omillaridan hisoblanadi. Mazkur maqolada piyoz urug‘chiligining biologik asoslari, urug‘lik yetishtirish texnologiyasi, urug‘ hosil bo‘lishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar hamda urug‘ sifatini oshirish usullari ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, piyozning ikki yillik rivojlanish xususiyati, ona piyozlarni tanlash, saqlash, ekish, changlanish jarayoni, urug‘ hosilining shakllanishi va urug‘larni yig‘ib olish texnologiyasi yoritilgan. Urug‘ yetishtirishda agrotexnik tadbirlarning o‘z vaqtida va sifatli bajarilishi, nav tozaligini saqlash, fazoviy izolyatsiyaga rioya qilish hamda kasallik va zararkunandalarga qarshi kurashning ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotlar natijasida zamonaviy urug‘chilik texnologiyalaridan foydalanish urug‘ hosildorligi va sifat ko‘rsatkichlarini yaxshilashi, navning biologik xususiyatlarini saqlab qolishi hamda seleksiya va urug‘chilik tizimi samaradorligini oshirishi aniqlandi. Piyoz urug‘chiligi texnologiyasini takomillashtirish yuqori sifatli urug‘ ishlab chiqarishni ko‘paytirish va sabzavotchilik tarmog‘ining barqaror rivojlanishini ta’minlashda muhim ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega [1–4].
Allium cepa L., piyoz, urug‘chilik, ona piyoz, urug‘ hosildorligi, changlanish, urug‘ sifati, seleksiya, urug‘ yetishtirish, nav tozaligi
PIYOZ (ALLIUM CEPA L.) SELEKSIYASIDA BOSHLANG‘ICH MANBALARNI O‘RGANISHNING ILMIY ASOSLARI VA SELEKSION AHAMIYATI
Piyoz (Allium cepa L.) dunyoda eng keng tarqalgan va iqtisodiy jihatdan muhim sabzavot ekinlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Aholining sog‘lom ovqatlanishida muhim o‘rin tutishi, qayta ishlash sanoati uchun qimmatli xomashyo bo‘lishi hamda eksportbop mahsulot sifatida yuqori ahamiyatga ega ekanligi mazkur ekin seleksiyasini yanada rivojlantirishni taqozo etadi. Yangi yuqori hosilli, ertapishar, uzoq muddat saqlanuvchi, kasallik va zararkunandalarga, shuningdek, noqulay ekologik omillarga chidamli navlarni yaratishda boshlang‘ich seleksion materiallarni har tomonlama baholash hal qiluvchi bosqich hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada piyoz seleksiyasida boshlang‘ich manbalarning ahamiyati, ularni shakllantirish manbalari, mahalliy va xorijiy genetik resurslardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari hamda ularni baholash mezonlari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, morfologik, biologik va xo‘jalik uchun qimmatli belgilar, mahsuldorlik, ertapisharlik, saqlanuvchanlik, urug‘dorlik, abiotik va biotik omillarga chidamlilik kabi ko‘rsatkichlar bo‘yicha boshlang‘ich materiallarni o‘rganish usullari yoritilgan. Dunyo mamlakatlarida hamda O‘zbekistonda olib borilayotgan seleksiya ishlarining asosiy yo‘nalishlari tahlil qilinib, zamonaviy seleksiyada genetik xilma-xillikni saqlash va undan samarali foydalanishning ahamiyati asoslab berilgan. Tahlillar natijasida mahalliy va xorijiy genotiplarni kompleks baholash, genetik xilma-xillikni kengaytirish hamda seleksiya jarayoniga yuqori qimmatli boshlang‘ich manbalarni jalb qilish yangi raqobatbardosh piyoz navlarini yaratish samaradorligini sezilarli darajada oshirishi aniqlangan.
Piyoz, Allium cepa L., seleksiya, boshlang‘ich manba, genetik resurslar, genofond, nav namunalari, morfologik belgilar, xo‘jalik uchun qimmatli belgilar, mahsuldorlik, ertapisharlik, saqlanuvchanlik, urug‘chilik, seleksion baholash, genetik xilma-xillik.
TIL VA ONGNING O‘ZARO TA’SIRI. PSIXOLINGVISTIK HIMOYA MEXANIZMLARI
Ushbu maqolada shaxsning psixologik muvozanatini saqlash, ichki ziddiyatlar va stress omillaridan himoyalanish jarayonida til va nutq vositalarining tutgan o‘rni zamonaviy psixolingvistik yondashuvlar asosida chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Himoya mexanizmlarining ongsiz darajadan nutqiy sathga ko‘chish mexanizmlari, ularning lingvistik indikatorlari hamda amaliy qo‘llanish sohalari ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan yoritib berilgan.
Psixolingvistika, psixologik himoya mexanizmlari, lingvistik indikatorlar, ratsionalizatsiya, proyeksiya, sublimatsiya, diskursiv tahlil.
УЗБЕКСКОЕ ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИЕ: ОТ ИСТОКОВ ДО СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ
В статье прослежен исторический путь развития узбекского литературоведения от средневековых тезкир и трактатов до академической науки, опираясь на труды таких ключевых фигур, как Алишер Навои, Захириддин Бабур, А. Чулпан, А. Фитрат, Ойбек и современных авторов. Особо отмечены литературоведческие и филологические труды Алишера Навои: «Собрание изысканных» («Маджолис ан-нафоис»), «Суждение о двух языках» («Мухокамат ал-лугатайн») и «Ветер изречений любви» («Насоим ул-мухаббат»), которые заложили основы научного осмысления тюркоязычной литературы, поэтики и эстетики Востока XV века.
узбекское литературоведение, идентификация, узбекская литература, мировой контекст, сравнительное и сопоставительное изучение.