DUTOR CHOLG'USINING TARIXIY RIVOJLANISHI VA MILLIY TARBIYA VOSITASI SIFATIDAGI PEDAGOGIK POTENSIALI
Keywords:
dutor, milliy cholg'u asboblari, O'zbek musiqasi, Shashmaqom, ijro maktablari, musiqa pedagogikasi, milliy tarbiya, madaniy meros, ijrochilik an'analari, vatanparvarlik tarbiyasi, milliy identifikatsiya, pedagogik potensial, dutor, national musical instruments, Uzbek music, Shashmaqom, performance schools, music pedagogy, national education, cultural heritage, performance traditions, patriotic education, national identification, pedagogical potentialAbstract
Maqolada o'zbek xalqining eng qadimiy va boy madaniy merosga ega bo'lgan cholg'u asboblaridan biri – dutorning tarixiy rivojlanish yo'li, turli mintaqaviy ijro maktablarining shakllanishi va xususiyatlari hamda zamonaviy ta'lim tizimida milliy qadriyatlarni shakllantirish vositasi sifatidagi pedagogik potensiali kompleks tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot arxeologik topilmalar, o'rta asrlar ilmiy manbаlari (Abu Nasr Forobiy, Abu Ali ibn Sino asarlari), XIX-XX asrlardagi buyuk ijrochilar (Iso Mushtoqov, Ota Jalol Nasirov, Abduvali Abdurashidov) ijodiy faoliyati, shuningdek, mustaqillik yillaridagi milliy musiqa madaniyatini qayta tiklash va rivojlantirish jarayonlari tarixiy-genetik, taqqosloviy va funksional metodlar asosida olib borilgan. Maqolada Buxoro, Farg'ona va Xorazm dutor maktablarining ijro uslubi, repertuar tanlovi, pedagogik an'analari va milliy musiqa tilining o'ziga xosliklari batafsil yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari dutorning nafaqat musiqa asbоbi, balki Shashmaqom va xalq musiqa merosini asrab-avaylanish, milliy identifikatsiyani mustahkamlоvchi, yoshlarni vatanparvarlik, milliy g'urur va ma'naviy kamolot ruhida tarbiyalovchi muhim pedagogik mexanizm ekanligi ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan asoslanadi.
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical development path of dutor – one of the most ancient Uzbek musical instruments with rich cultural heritage, formation and characteristics of various regional performance schools, and its pedagogical potential as a means of shaping national values in the modern education system. The research was conducted based on archaeological findings, medieval scientific sources (works of Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Ali ibn Sina), creative activities of great performers of the 19th-20th centuries (Iso Mushtaqov, Ota Jalol Nasirov, Abduvali Abdurashidov), as well as processes of restoration and development of national musical culture during independence years, using historical-genetic, comparative and functional methods. The article comprehensively covers the performance style, repertoire selection, pedagogical traditions and peculiarities of national musical language of Bukhara, Fergana and Khorezm dutor schools. Research results scientifically substantiate that dutor is not only a musical instrument, but also an important pedagogical mechanism that preserves the heritage of Shashmaqom and folk music, strengthens national identification, and educates young people in the spirit of patriotism, national pride and spiritual perfection.
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