PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE ANCIENT EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND THE THEORY OF "INTELLECTUAL EDUCATION": AN ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS OF SOCRATES AND PLATO

Abstract

This article analyzes the formation and philosophical foundations of the ancient education system. The essence of the concept of paideia, which was formed in ancient Greece, is highlighted, as a holistic system aimed at the comprehensive development of a person - physically, morally, aesthetically and intellectually. The article analyzes the role of the theory of "mental discipline" in ancient education, its strengths and weaknesses. Also, Socrates' maieutic (question-and-answer) method and Plato's dialectical and game-based teaching methods are studied in depth. The connection of the Socrates method with modern interactive teaching methods, Plato's "Allegory of the Cave" and the step-by-step educational program are analyzed.