MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES IN THE LIVER RESULTING FROM COMBINED INHALATION EXPOSURE TO PM2.5 FINE PARTICLES AND TOBACCO SMOKE

Abstract

Air pollution and smoking are among the most important environmental factors negatively affecting human health. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and entering systemic circulation, leading to pathological changes in internal organs, including the liver. The present study was aimed at evaluating morphometric changes in liver tissue under combined inhalation exposure to PM2.5 particles and tobacco smoke.

Histological examination demonstrated significant structural alterations in liver tissue. Hepatocyte dystrophy, sinusoidal dilation, vascular congestion, inflammatory infiltration, and fatty degeneration were identified in the experimental group. Morphometric analysis showed enlargement of hepatocyte size and disturbance of normal hepatic architecture.

The obtained results indicate that prolonged combined exposure to PM2.5 and tobacco smoke exerts a pronounced toxic effect on liver morphology and may contribute to the development of chronic hepatic disorders.