THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Abstract

Global warming has emerged as one of the most serious environmental challenges affecting the Earth’s biological systems in the twenty-first century. Driven largely by increased greenhouse-gas emissions from industrialization, deforestation, fossil-fuel combustion, and unsustainable agricultural practices, average global temperatures continue to rise at an unprecedented rate. This warming trend influences all components of natural ecosystems—including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere—thereby altering the living conditions for plants, animals, and microorganisms.