CORROSION AND BIOCORROSION CHALLENGES: MECHANISMS, MATERIALS, AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Corrosion and biocorrosion are critical challenges affecting the longevity, safety, and efficiency of metallic infrastructure and components across industries, including energy, chemical, marine, and biomedical sectors. Traditional corrosion involves electrochemical degradation, while biocorrosion arises from microbial activity, often exacerbating material deterioration under environmental or operational stresses. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of corrosion mechanisms, microbial interactions, material susceptibility, and contemporary mitigation strategies. Key factors influencing corrosion include alloy composition, microstructure, environmental conditions, and surface treatments. Advanced solutions such as corrosion-resistant alloys, protective coatings, biocidal treatments, and surface engineering are reviewed. The integration of monitoring technologies and predictive modeling is highlighted as essential for sustainable materials design. The study concludes with perspectives on next-generation materials resistant to both chemical and biological degradation, with implications for infrastructure sustainability, energy efficiency, and industrial safety.